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Today is:
Wed, 08 - Sep, 2010:
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This day in 1965... International Literacy Day is established
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Literacy does more than boost citizens' working credentials; it benefits their personal growth and financial well-being. Hoping to persuade countries to emphasize literacy, the United Nations' Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) decided in 1965 to set aside a day for businesses, governments and organizations to help promote literacy and life-long learning through a variety of programs. International Literacy Day would be observed every September 8th. Twenty-five years later, the UN's General Assembly decided to assign an entire year to the effort, and proclaimed 1990 as International Literacy Year. Canada has put a lot of effort and resources into literacy, and Canadian governments like to think it is a world leader in the area. However, Canada's record is still left with much to be desired. Today almost one in four Canadians have difficulty understanding every day print found in newspapers, job application forms and pesticide applications. Another one in five are confused about directions for taking medications.
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Civil rights are the protections and privileges of personal power given to all citizens by law. Civil rights are distinguished from "human rights" or "natural rights." Civil rights are rights that are bestowed by nations on those within their territorial boundaries, while natural or human rights are rights that many scholars claim that individuals have by nature of being born. For example, the philosopher John Locke (1632 -1704) argued that the natural rights of life, liberty and property should be converted into civil rights and protected by the sovereign state as an aspect of the social contract.
Laws guaranteeing civil rights may be written down, derived from custom or implied. In Canada, the United States, and most continental European countries, civil rights laws are most often written. Examples of civil rights and liberties include the right of redress if injured by another, the right to privacy, the right of peaceful protest, the right to a fair investigation and trial if suspected of a crime, and more generally-based constitutional rights such as the right to vote, the right to personal freedom, the right to freedom of movement and the right of equal protection. As civilizations emerged and formalized through written constitutions, some of the more important civil rights were granted to citizens.
In Stephen Hammond’s book Steps in the Rights Direction: 365 human rights celebrations and tragedies that inspired Canada and the world, he has many civil rights events. For example, on July 3, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the U.S. Civil Rights Act, on April 4, 1968 civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated, and on March 17, 1912 future behind-the-scenes civil rights activist Bayard Rustin is born. There are many more examples of civil rights tragedies and triumphs in the book.
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